Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). People use it to relieve pain, bring down fever, and reduce swelling. It works well, but it can irritate the stomach and affect the kidneys and heart, so use it carefully.
What Is Ibuprofen Used For?
- Headache, toothache, and muscle pain
- Menstrual cramps
- Fever
- Joint pain and swelling from arthritis
- Pain after minor injuries
How Does Ibuprofen Work?
Ibuprofen blocks enzymes called COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes help the body make prostaglandins, which cause pain, swelling, and fever. With fewer prostaglandins, you feel less pain, and your temperature drops.
General Dosage Information
This is general information only. Your doctor sets the right dose for you, so follow your prescription and the label.
- Adults usually take 200 mg to 400 mg every four to six hours with food. Without a doctor’s advice, do not take more than 1,200 mg a day.
- Doctors dose children by weight, usually 5 to 10 mg per kilogram every six to eight hours.
- Use the lowest dose for the shortest time.
Side Effects of Ibuprofen
Common Side Effects
- Stomach pain, heartburn, and nausea
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Headache and dizziness
- Fluid retention and higher blood pressure
Serious Side Effects
Call your doctor or get emergency help if you notice:
- Black or bloody stools, or vomiting blood, which signal stomach bleeding
- Chest pain, shortness of breath, or weakness on one side of the body
- Swelling of the face or trouble breathing
- Very little urine or sudden swelling of the legs
Who Should Be Cautious?
- People with stomach ulcers or bleeding problems
- People with heart disease, high blood pressure, or kidney disease
- People with asthma that worsens with aspirin
- Pregnant women, especially in the last three months
- Older adults
Drug Interactions
Tell your doctor and pharmacist about every medicine and supplement you take. Examples of important interactions include:
- Aspirin and other NSAIDs: together they raise the risk of bleeding. Ibuprofen can also weaken aspirin’s heart protection.
- Blood thinners such as warfarin: they raise the risk of bleeding.
- ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and diuretics: with ibuprofen they can harm the kidneys.
- Lithium and methotrexate: ibuprofen can raise their levels.
- Antidepressants such as SSRIs: they raise the risk of stomach bleeding.
Storage and Precautions
- Store it at room temperature, away from heat, light, and moisture.
- Keep it out of the reach of children.
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I take ibuprofen with food?
Yes. Food or milk protects your stomach.
Is ibuprofen better than paracetamol?
It depends. Ibuprofen also reduces inflammation, while paracetamol is gentler on the stomach.
Can I take both together?
Doctors sometimes advise alternating them. Ask your doctor or pharmacist first.
Disclaimer: This article is for information only. It is not medical advice. Please talk to your doctor about your own health.