Paracetamol, called acetaminophen in the United States, is one of the most widely used medicines in the world. People take it to treat mild to moderate pain and to lower fever. Because you can buy it without a prescription, many people think it has no risks, but taking too much can seriously harm your liver.
What Is Paracetamol Used For?
- Headaches and migraines
- Muscle aches and body pain
- Toothache and dental pain
- Fever from colds, flu, and infections
- Pain and fever after vaccination
How Does Paracetamol Work?
Paracetamol lowers the chemicals in the brain, called prostaglandins, that cause pain and fever. Unlike ibuprofen or aspirin, it does not reduce inflammation much, so it works best for pain and fever.
General Dosage Information
This is general information only. Your doctor sets the right dose for you, so follow your prescription and the label.
- Adults usually take 500 mg to 1,000 mg every four to six hours. Do not take more than 4,000 mg in 24 hours, and use less if you drink alcohol or have liver disease.
- Doctors usually give children 10 to 15 mg for every kilogram of body weight every four to six hours, with no more than four doses a day.
- Use the measuring device that comes with liquid forms.
Side Effects of Paracetamol
Common Side Effects
- Most people have no side effects when they take the right dose
- Nausea or stomach upset (uncommon)
Serious Side Effects
Call your doctor or get emergency help if you notice:
- Skin rash, blistering, or swelling of the face
- Yellow skin or eyes, dark urine, or severe stomach pain, which can signal liver damage
- Overdose: vomiting and stomach pain may start within hours, and liver damage may appear later. Go to the hospital right away, even if you feel fine.
Who Should Be Cautious?
- People with liver disease or who drink alcohol regularly
- People who are underweight or malnourished
- People with kidney disease
- Anyone who takes other medicines that contain paracetamol, such as cold and flu products
Drug Interactions
Tell your doctor and pharmacist about every medicine and supplement you take. Examples of important interactions include:
- Warfarin: regular high doses can raise the risk of bleeding.
- Carbamazepine and phenytoin: they can raise the risk of liver problems.
- Isoniazid: it can add to liver risk.
- Alcohol: it raises the risk of liver damage.
Storage and Precautions
- Store it at room temperature, away from heat, light, and moisture.
- Keep it out of the reach of children.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I take paracetamol on an empty stomach?
Yes. It rarely upsets the stomach.
Can I give it to my baby?
Ask a doctor first for babies under three months, and always dose children by weight.
How long can I take it?
See a doctor if you need it for more than three days for fever or ten days for pain.
Disclaimer: This article is for information only. It is not medical advice. Please talk to your doctor about your own health.